Cockroach Allergy

Cockroaches are insects that easily adapt to a wide range of environments, but especially thrive in warm, damp conditions—often inside buildings. Although they’re most active at night and tend to avoid light, cockroaches can still cause unexpected problems for people that cohabitate with them.

Cockroaches contain proteins that can trigger allergies. These proteins are found in their saliva, feces, and other shedding body parts. When these particles mix with the air, like dust, they can aggravate allergy and asthma symptoms. Even dead cockroaches release these allergens.

Like other indoor allergies, cockroach allergy symptoms can be all year long. According to the National Pest Management Association, 63% of homes in the United States have cockroach allergens present. This figure may be as high as 78% to 98% in urban areas.

in St. Louis, Missouri

Cockroach Allergy Symptoms

• Sneezing
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Itchy or watery eyes
• Itchy nose, mouth, or throat
• Postnasal drip (mucus flowing from the back of your nose into your throat)
• Cough
• Itchy skin or skin rashes

Because cockroaches are not seasonal, cockroach allergy symptoms tend to be chronic, lasting beyond the typical allergy season.

If you have asthma, cockroach allergens can worsen or trigger asthma flare-ups, including:

• Difficulty breathing
• Chest tightness or pain
• Wheezing (a whistling sound when breathing out)
• Trouble sleeping due to coughing or wheezing

Studies show that children who are allergic to cockroaches and are exposed to them have more frequent hospital visits for asthma.

In some cases, repeated exposure can lead to chronic issues like ear infections or sinus infections.

Cockroach Allergy Testing

If you notice your cockroach allergy symptoms persist year-round or become severe, consider seeing an allergist for an evaluation and official cockroach allergy testing. If you have asthma that worsens with exposure to cockroach proteins, your allergist can also adjust your cockroach allergy treatment plan accordingly. Frequent sinus or ear infections could also be a sign of ongoing exposure.

Establishing a cockroach allergy diagnosis consists of:

• Medical History and Physical Exam: Your doctor will review your cockroach allergy symptoms and examine you.
• Skin Prick Test: A small amount of cockroach allergen is placed on the skin. After about 15 minutes, the doctor checks for a raised, itchy bump.
• Specific IgE Blood Test: Measures your immune response to cockroach proteins.

in St. Louis, Missouri

How to Avoid Cockroach Allergy Exposure

• Keep Food Sealed: Store food in airtight containers. Keep counters, floors, and tables clean and free of crumbs.
• Close Trash Tightly: Make sure trash cans have tight-fitting lids.
• Wash Dishes Promptly: Don’t leave dishes in the sink or on the counter overnight.
• Limit Pet Food Exposure: Wash pet food bowls regularly, and avoid leaving food out.
• Fix Leaks: Repair leaky pipes, faucets, or drains. Cockroaches love damp areas.
• Seal Cracks: Block gaps or cracks in walls, floors, and around doors where cockroaches may enter.
• Use Baits and Traps: Consider cockroach baits or traps. Sprays can irritate allergies and asthma, so use them cautiously or consult a professional.
• Avoid Piles: Piles of newspapers, magazines, laundry, or dirty dishes create hiding spots. Keep your home tidy.
• If you suspect a major infestation or ongoing issues, consider consulting a pest control professional.

in St. Louis, Missouri

Cockroach Allergy Treatment

• Antihistamines: Relieve sneezing, itching, and runny nose; available as pills, liquids, or nose sprays.
• Nasal Corticosteroids: Nose sprays that reduce nasal inflammation and congestion. They are often the most effective for allergic rhinitis.
• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists: Block chemical messengers (other than histamine) that contribute to allergy and asthma symptoms.
• Cromolyn Sodium (Nasal Spray): Blocks the release of chemicals that cause allergy symptoms; typically needs to be used multiple times a day.
• Decongestants: Reduce stuffiness but should be used cautiously (especially nasal sprays or drops, which can only be used for a short time).

If you have asthma, your doctor may also prescribe:

• Bronchodilators (to help open airways)
• Anti-inflammatory inhalers (to reduce airway swelling)

If you don’t get sufficient relief from avoidance methods and medications, your allergist may recommend immunotherapy. This involves receiving regular injections of small amounts of allergen to help your immune system become less sensitive over time.

References